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Wednesday, March 23, 2022

All That She Carried: The Journey of Ashley's Sack, a Black Family Keepsake

 By Tiya Miles


Random House     2021

385 pages     History

A very quick summary: A renowned historian traces the life of a single object handed down through three generations of Black women to craft an extraordinary testament to people who are left out of the archives.

Dr. Tiya Miles is a Harvard historian. All That She Carried won the 2021 National Award for nonfiction. It is a meticulously-researched look at an embroidered feed sack that was found among a lot of fabric at a Nashville flea market in 2007. The purchaser realized that this was more than very old fabric, and donated it to the Middleton Place museum. The book’s author saw the sack while it was on loan to the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington DC. She was immediately attracted to the sack and sought to learn and reconstruct what turned out to be an amazing story. Her research showed that Rose, a slave,  filled the sack with three items when her daughter Ashley was sold as a little girl. The sack contained a lock of Rose’s hair, a tattered dress, and three handfuls of pecans. When the sack came to the great-granddaughter Ruth, she embroidered the story of the sack on the front of the bag.

More than telling the story of the sack, Miles relates those three items to historical evidence of their importance. For example, the lock of hair examines the importance of African American women’s hair, up to the present. The tattered dress leads to a discussion of the importance and skill of dressmaking, embroidery, and quilt making in defining a woman’s role—in the Black community—and in women’s roles across the ages. The pecans could either have been eaten or planted, and Miles discusses slave labor and what Rose and Ashley’s role might have been during their life and times. She says, “Out of the shadows Rose would emerge, bearing the sack as a lifeline and staking a claim on her family’s continuance amid and despite unrelenting change.”

My sister has been creating a history of our families, and she has traced our people to some of the first settlers in what would become the United States. While Miles was attempting to trace the family that included Rose, Ashley, and Ruth, she ran into many dead ends, and was only able to find the possibility of who the family members were, not who they actually were. I was so struck by the differences. One of her discoveries was a record that turned up both names in an estate inventory shortly after the slave owner, Robert Martin, died in 1852. Because there were very few women named Ashley, Miles is quite sure that she had the correct family, and Ashley had a value price, just like the cattle.

The trauma of separation is a major theme of the book, and we must assume that there were thousands of stories similar to the story of Rose, Ashley, and Ruth.  What Miles shows is that the sack marks “ a spot in our national story where great wrongs were committed, deep sufferings were felt, love was sustained against all odds and a vision of survival for future generations persisted.”

 I believe that All That She Carried is one of the most significant books of our generation, not only because of the research that went into creating it, but because of its relationship to our current world situation. I watched the Supreme Court confirmation hearing with Judge Jackson yesterday, and I realized that fragile sack is still being filled.

All That She Carried will continue to haunt me in the weeks and months ahead. At my church book group, where we read and discussed the book, everyone brought something that they would take with them if they had to leave home quickly. What would you carry?

Here is a book talk with Dr. Miles at the Harvard Radcliffe Institute. The New York Times carried a remarkable review.

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